Homelessness Of The United States Essay - 1459 Words

Jessy Clark Dr Iudicello English 102 30 November 2016 Homelessness in America â€Å"On a single night in January 2015, there were 564,708 people experiencing homelessness in the United States. Sixty-nine percent of those who were homeless were in sheltered locations and 31 percent were found in unsheltered locations† (Facts). People living in poverty are most likely have a high risk becoming homeless. Many other reasons why becoming homeless is due to economic conditions such as unemployment and increasing housing costs (Why). In addition, with all the new economic rules they are at higher risk of losing what they have already. In certain areas, homeless people are families, single mothers, and children are a major issue in homelessness. However, the number of homeless is families who has children had increased more over the past decade or so. It is the fastest growing division of the homeless population. The problem of homelessness in America is growing drastically. It is an issue that can strike at anyone in each moment and least expect when the situa tion occurs. Therefore, this should be addressed as a major crisis than an inconvenient issue. The National Alliance to End Homelessness and the Government should come together to create a solution to end all homelessness around America for once and for all. As homelessness describes back in â€Å"1640s homelessness was seen as a moral of weakness, a character flaw† (America). If someone found one self in the 1600s homeless they hadShow MoreRelatedHomelessness in the United States952 Words   |  4 PagesThe purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of poverty on young children and their families. The focus will be on homelessness and how the child is affected in two major settings: the home, or lack of, and school. In both of these settings, children are impacted by different social forces and must push through barriers that are set before them given their circumstance. â€Å"Living without permanent, long-term housing creates a number of stressors for children and families, but being homelessRead MoreIs Homelessness The United States?1384 Words   |  6 Pagesmeant by homelessness in the United States? Homelessness is something that can be temporary or chronic. It is when an individual or family does not have and cannot afford a suitable place to live long term. Things like staying in a shelter, one room facilities (motel) or staying with a family member or friend does not mean you are not homeless. If you cannot afford suitable long term accommodations yourself, then you are considered homeless. When you are referring to youth homelessness they areRead MoreHomelessness : The United States1214 Words   |  5 Pagesmoney to pay to live in their previous homes. Homelessness occurs when people or households cannot afford housing. 3.5 million people yearly experience homelessness in the United States, and it is time to take action to end the suffering of homeless people. The U.S. government should execute plans to make housing low-cost and more jobs that are high-paying to reduce homelessness in the U.S. Homelessness has always been a problem in the United States but just not as widespread as it is now. â€Å"TheRead MoreThe Homelessness Of The United States978 Words   |  4 Pagesin the United States? I believe that it is everyone’s responsibility. As of January 2015 the homeless count in America was 564,708 people (Fluit, 2015). Even though this is a decline in homeless in America this is still unacceptable. As Americans we need to do all that we can to decrease these numbers. There is so much we could do that would go a long way to help our homeless, like donating time or money to the proper organizations. â€Å"In January 2015, 358,422 people experienced homelessness as individualsRead MoreHomelessness And The United States863 Words   |  4 Pages Homelessness has always been a present problem in the United States. It is caused by many factors that some of us are not aware of. The situations of these people hurt their families and local communities alike. Two sources were examined for their content on these issues. This essay describes the hardships of homelessness and what can be done to help these people. Helping the Homeless Many people have gotten to experience what life is like in big cities or small ruralRead MoreThe Homelessness Of The United States1803 Words   |  8 PagesEnding Homelessness Homelessness in the United States can be ended, not just maintained. Allot of cities now have plans to eradicate homelessness. Homelessness and housing instability are large issues that afflict a diverse demographic such as: Families, youth, veterans, and chronically homeless single male adults. Ending homelessness may require specialized solutions that are specific to individual needs. Factors like these make defeating homelessness a difficult task. Although solutions existRead MoreThe State of Homelessness in the United States Essay586 Words   |  3 PagesHomelessness became a huge problem in everywhere especially in the USA. Most people heard homeless people, and they saw homeless people in the streets, markets, or bridges. Most people never try to understand why there is much homelessness. Most people do not know any facts about them seem the truth of homelessness, the state of homelessness in the United States, and the effect on people from homelessness. Many causes become the answers to homeless people. The most easy understanding of homelessnessRead MoreHomelessness in the United States Essay1461 Words   |  6 PagesNational Student Campaign Against Hunger and Homelessness, â€Å"approximately 3.5 million people are homeless each year, while 36.3 million live in households without enough food.† This statistic only reflects the United States, and to many people, it just doesn’t make sense. For instance Alfredzine Black of the YWCA in Marion, Indiana says, â€Å"I don’t understand why we have so much poverty in the richest country in the world!† Citizens of the United States have a hard time defining and identifying povertyRead MoreThe Effects Of Homelessness On The United States1218 Words   |  5 Pagesof homelessness with 983 documented homeless individuals according to a 2015 Modesto Bee study and sadly, the amount increases as surrounding areas begin to enforce strict laws. These laws criminalize and relocate homeless folk to our county. There are no exceptions to the cold reality of homelessness: men, women, children, military veterans, individuals, and families are included in the rising numbers of homelessness in Stanislaus County. According to the National Law Center on Homelessness andRead MoreEssay on Homelessness in the United States1520 Words   |  7 PagesHomelessness in the United States During the 1980’s the number of homeless people, those without a house in which to reside, increased at an alarming rate. Many analysts have given much time and thought as to the reasons that this phenomenon occurred. They cite economic instability and government policies with facts and figures to support their work. Beyond the research and cold statistics that explain this event, are the victims, and those that worked to help relieve their hardship. An interview

My Writing Of A College Level Writing Course - 993 Words

At the beginning of the term, I came into this class not feeling very confident about my writing. I had taken writing classes in the past, but none to the extent of a college level writing course. One of the skills that I found I lacked the most was my vocabulary. While my writing structure was often not a problem my writing did not sound as sophisticated as it could be. I occasionally used a thesaurus but this would often cause problems as sometimes the words would not quite agree with the meaning of my sentence. Throughout the term the one thing that helped me the most with this problem were the workshops. As my peers corrected my paper they helped me to come up with more intelligent words to get my point across to the reader. I believe that without the inclusion of these workshops my essays would not have been as cleanly written. For upcoming classes one aspect of writing that I would like to focus on is my ability to stay on topic. A lot of the time I tend to become so engulfed i n one reasoning for my argument that my mind begins to wander elsewhere. Ultimately my essay structure will suffer because of this, so in order to stay more focused I want to start making outlines before I write out my essays. With an outline it will be easier for me to stay on topic since I will have a structure to follow. Also by having an outline I can find my quotes and compose my topic sentences ahead of time, making it easier for me to see if my ideas will fit well together. This will alsoShow MoreRelatedGraduation Speech : College Writing Course856 Words   |  4 Pagesof familiarity for first- year college writing, a small portfolio of the student’s work was submitted to help high schools students become more prepared for the college writing techniques. A college writing course is much different than a high school class. Although the course is only a semester long, instead of the traditional year long class high schools provide, I have learned how to write a stronge r essay in a shorter amount of learning time. For this portfolio my previous work is highlightedRead MoreEnglish Reflection1351 Words   |  6 Pagesbeing a high school level writer to a college-level writer. However, English 10 has by far been my best experience in writing. By taking this course I have retrieved many helpful elements, that will help me become a successful writer throughout college. In high school, essays often gave me stress and anxiety, however, when taking English 10, I was able to learn to enjoy the process of writing purposefully and mindfully. Even though, I have taken advanced placement English courses in high school andRead MorePurpose Of Writing988 Words   |  4 PagesPersonally, writing has always been a difficult and daunting task. I always found myself asking, â€Å"Why is this required?† â€Å"How is this helping me and preparing me for my future?† â€Å"What’s the point?† However, at the completion of my writing 122 cours e I have come to realize how important writing is for my future. Some may think that taking a writing course is not necessary and shouldn’t be considered a â€Å"requirement† to graduate. However, you go through your whole life needing writing skills. No matterRead MoreMy Career Goals For A Surgical Missionary1256 Words   |  6 Pagesdriven person, and I believe that my current career goals reflect that. I want to be a surgical missionary. I often joke with people that my goal career title is â€Å"world-changer,† but joking aside I do hope to make a difference one day. To do that, I am going to be in school for a very long time. School means that papers are going to be written, while English class might have a few more papers than other subjects, every class is going to require some type of writing at some point. Furthermore, in theRead MoreMotivation For The College Student974 Words   |  4 Pagesbecame her motivation to start over, create a new life, and start rediscovering herself. For the college student, motivation is a personal aspiration with much hard work. The college writing student will focus on increasing writing abilities and becoming a better writer by class end. With a deep-rooted motivation, the learning to write process will continue to be built and perfected over the course of the student’s time in school. For example, I feel that I can write well, yet there are areas thatRead MoreEssay Application Letter862 Words   |  4 Pages I am writing to apply for the position of ESL/English Instructor in the Department of English at the College of Western Idaho. I hold a doctoral of philosophy in Foreign, Second, and Multilingual Language Education (within the TESOL program) with an interdisciplinary specialization in Educational Technology from the Ohio State University (OSU). Moreover, I have experience in teaching EFL and ESL learners English. I am confident that my academic and experiential exposure enable me to make contributionsRead Mor eMy Reading And Writing Skills1484 Words   |  6 Pageswas terrified walking into my third attempt at Engl 1010 this semester. I attempted and failed this class twice already so I was worried about what was to come, more failing grades, more difficult papers to write, and more confusion. I wrote about this concern in my Literacy Narrative assignment. I realized for the first time my easy high school years had hurt me academically, and that as a college freshman, my reading and writing skills were at an eighth grade level. I tried, but was unable toRead MoreEnglish 111 Evaluation Essay623 Words   |  3 Pagesof academic writing. This is a prerequisite English class for higher-level English education. By the end of this course a student will have gained a great deal of practice in the craft of writing. This essay will evaluate the English 111 textbooks, essays, self-reflections, the instructor, and what I personally learned. The English 111 textbook had effective sample essays and diagrams of outlines. The Successful College Writing Textbook is the textbook used for the English 111 course. This textbookRead MoreEducator Application Essay982 Words   |  4 Pages I am writing to apply for the position of Educator Preparation of ELL/ESL, Literacy faculty at Wayne State College. I hold a doctor of philosophy degree in Foreign, Second, and Multilingual Language Education (within the TESOL program) with an interdisciplinary specialization in Educational Technology. Moreover, I have experience in teaching diverse learners English in EFL and ESL settings. I am confident that my educational background and teaching experience enable me to make contributionsRead MoreApplication Letter Application Essay933 Words   |  4 Pages I am writing to apply for the faculty position in the ESL program at Cuyahoga Community College (CCC). I hold a doctoral of philosophy degree in Foreign, Second, and Multilingual Language Education (within the TESOL program) with an interdisciplinary specialization in Educational Technology. Moreover, I have experience in teaching diverse learners English in EFL and ESL settings. I am confident that my academic and experiential exposure enable me to contribute to the ESL program at CCC in terms

Spirituality Article The Role of the Healthcare Chaplain

Question: Describe about the Spirituality Article of The Role of the Healthcare Chaplain? Answer: Spirituality is evolving, disputed and problematic concept. There are two edges to the meaning of spirituality; both methodologies recognize a quest for importance. For some individuals, divine vicinity is the key focus; for others, spirituality is a mainstream idea including inward life, individual conviction and emphasizing on self (Iriss.org.uk, 2015). Spirituality is characterized in a few courses as it relates to distinctive perspective of world view (Puchalski, 2004). Worldview can be defined as duty, a key introduction of the heart, that can be communicated as a story or in an arrangement of presuppositions (suppositions which may be genuine, in part genuine or totally false) which an individual holds (intentionally or subliminally, reliably or conflictingly) about the fundamental constitution of reality, and that gives the establishment on which people live and move and have their being (AllAboutWorldview.org, 2015). This essay would relate the worldview to Pluralism, Scienti sm and Postmodernism context of religion and modern culture. The notion of spiritual worldview includes both spirituality and religion. Additionally it also includes different philosophical and sociological beliefs (Tilburt, 2010). It might include the non-theist spirituality, or the new age concepts, utilitarianism or humanism etc. For many individual, this spiritual worldview is a dimension that aids to receptive to the intricate and assorted courses in which individuals customize their convictions (Haynes, Hilbers, Kivikko Ratnavuyha, 2007). Scientism is the way of viewing the world in a scientific method. According to this the whole thing that exists has been demonstrated deductively by utilizing the proper system, this does not prohibit new headways in science which will empower the evidence of other presence. Pluralism is in which the general public individuals structure their way of life in view of acknowledgement and differences. These normal characteristics all take a stab at the benefit of every one of all furthermore acknowledge th ere is some truth in different convictions. This worldview perspective hassles the significance of resistance of different religions however does not however veer off from their own particular convictions. Worldview of Postmodernism spotlights on the advantages of science and perceives that science alone can't offer intending to life (Shelly Miller, 2006). Due to different provider-patient-system characteristics in healthcare, worldview builds cover with other psychological and social develops. Serving patients can include investing time with them, holding their hands, and discussing what is vital to them (Rieg, Mason Preston, 2006). Thus, spirituality worldview supports a more extensive comprehension of and expounds upon the implied content of religion and culture. This helps to understand the patients and disclose approaches to practice profound care, and compress some national endeavors to join spirituality in healthcare and medicine (Barber, 2013). According to Christianity contour, Prime Reality is the unending, individual God uncovered in the sacred scriptures. This God is good, sovereign, omniscient, immanent, transcendent and triune. In answering the second question of worldview, the Christian theistic beliefs that External reality is the universe God completed ex nihilo to work with a consistency of circumstances and end results in an open framework. Thirdly, Human beings are made in the picture of God and accordingly have identity, astonishing toward oneself quality, insight, ethical quality, gregariousness and inventiveness (Sire, 2004). Fourthly, Person Death, is either the entryway to existence with God and his kin or the door to the interminable partition from the main thing that will at last satisfy human yearnings. Fifth, Knowing every is impossible because, individuals can know both their general surroundings and God himself in light of the fact that God has incorporated with them the ability to do as such and in l ight of the fact that he takes a dynamic part in corresponding with them. Sixth, what is wrong and right? God is the wellspring of the ethical world and also the corporeal world. Ethics are otherworldly and are taking into account the character of God as great. Lastly, the seventh question human history, is straight, an important arrangement of occasions prompting the satisfaction of God's reasons for humanity. All things are prompting the zenith of time at the second happening to Christ (Sire, 2004). All the above seven questions of worldview demonstrates in short that God is a healer. According to Biblical understanding, health workers may endeavor to encourage mending from various perspectives but God is the ultimate healer. Therefore, in conclusion, it can be said that spiritual worldview can help the patients to cope with life stress, pain and illness. Believing on God can help the patients to recover from any disease or face the death. Thus, understanding the spirituality worldview helps the health care workers to manage health effectively and also address the spiritual beliefs of the patients and value their framework. References AllAboutWorldview.org,. (2015). Worldviews. Retrieved 23 March 2015, from https://www.allaboutworldview.org/worldviews.htm Barber, C. (2013). Spirituality article 8: the role of the healthcare chaplain. Br J Healthcare Assistants, 7(7), 332-336. doi:10.12968/bjha.2013.7.7.332 Haynes, A., Hilbers, J., Kivikko, J., Ratnavuyha, D. (2007). Spirituality and Religion in Health Care Practice. Sydney. Retrieved from https://www.rch.org.au/uploadedFiles/Main/Content/cultural_services/Spirituality_Staff_Resource.pdf Iriss.org.uk,. (2015). Spirituality and ageing: implications for the care and support of older people IRISS Insights, no.19 | IRISS - The Institute for Research and Innovation in Social Services. Retrieved 23 March 2015, from https://www.iriss.org.uk/resources/spirituality-and-ageing-implications-care-and-support-older-people Puchalski, C. (2004). Spirituality in health: the role of spirituality in critical care. Critical Care Clinics, 20(3), 487-504. doi:10.1016/j.ccc.2004.03.007 Rieg, L., Mason, C., Preston, K. (2006). Spiritual Care: Practical Guidelines for Rehabilitation Nurses. Rehabilitation Nursing, 31(6), 249-256. doi:10.1002/j.2048-7940.2006.tb00021.x Shelly, J., Miller, A. (2006). Called to care. Downers Grove, Ill.: IVP Academic/InterVarsity Press. Sire, J. (2004). The universe next door. Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity Press. Tilburt, J. (2010). The Role of Worldviews in Health Disparities Education. J GEN INTERN MED, 25(S2), 178-181. doi:10.1007/s11606-009-1229-9

Public Administration in the United States

Introduction Public administration can be described as the study or a field of practice or occupation. Politically, public administration describes or defines how the various branches of the government strategize and implement policies. Government involvement in the public sector can be either directly on indirect.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Public Administration in the United States specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More When the government is involved directly, it employs public members to serve as employees for the benefit of the general population, while indirect involvement of the government would be when the government hires private contractors to carry out some of the stipulated public policies. It also involves how public quarter organizations are categorized and managed, how the federal government and the cities, states and towns work hand in hand to attain their development goals in the interest of the people. In legal terms, public administration means the ability to implement legislation in regulating the behaviors of different individuals provide job opportunities, goods and services to the citizens. The American public administration is one among the most admired administration in the world. Many countries seek solution to their administrative problems from gathering facts compiled from the American Public Administration, however this does not mean that America is all perfect in ensuring that the public administration sector is always having smooth endeavors instead they also have challenges that they seek solution to. A Constitution dilemma Public administrators are not only concerned with the management of public policies but also have some influence in the political field which they end up sometimes being dominant in political issues. In America, according to many people’s view is that politics and administration should be totally separated from each other but th is is not the case especially when presently only well organized administrations which are able to cope with the issues generated from all aspects can be seen as survivors and be regarded as the best.Advertising Looking for term paper on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The public officials who have influence in the political arena must be ready to take orders from other leaders who mostly are not bureaucrats especially when they don’t have the knowledge infatuated by selected officials (Friedman 2006). One way of ensuring that an open democracy is preserved and enjoys its freedom is to ensure that the constitution is designed in a way that would enable political leaders to have an effective control over their public servant. These are people who are supposed to understand and be ready to face up problems that arise due to modernity. Economy The economics of a country also counts as a major challen ge in the public administration. The challenging economic background is that the economy and the economy policies of many states are in the process of transition. The economy of a country involves the choices people make. This is the way people tend to choose and make decision depending on the affordability to obtain the resources to satisfy the unlimited human wants and needs. Economics can there for be explained as the human behavior which arises due to shortage means to accomplish given desires. There are many relations between public administration and economics as most areas under public administration are economic in nature. An example is the public finance management of public enterprises economic planning among other fields. The government has always played part in the economic affairs in the interest of socio-economic justice. The government’s participation has greatly and positively impacted on the economic growth of the country as through their involvement, new eco nomic planning strategies are being implemented and processes of new forms of organization (Milakovich Gordon 2008). Power and Performance Power and performance are two principles, which are correlated in the running of a public administration. For example, when it is said that the administrators who are currently at the helm are powerful; it means that they have the capacity to administer as compared to bureaucrats who have power.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Public Administration in the United States specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Milakovich and Gordon (2008), â€Å"ultimately those who are in government must recognize that public service is not an economic construct but a political construct. This means that issues pertaining service improvement need to be looked into keenly and not only the demands of the customers’ matters but also the distribution of power in the society. Th ereby, in the ‘New public service’ provision of quality service to the public is seen as the first step taking action to widen public involvement in the end extending democratic citizenship†. Practices within the public sector provide opportunites to improve levels of customer service to the public and improve the accessibility to government services at lower costs to the citizens (Siedman and Gilmour 1986). The growing demand for a more open, participatory and efficient government One of the greatest challenges, governments face is ensuring that from the formed governments, people have a feeling that the government is for the people and not only of the people by the people. Hence, much consideration should be put when making policy decisions that are set to affect the members of the public. Policies like how the tax should be spent to benefit the members of the public (Hill Hupe 2002). Today many citizens are seeking an opportunity to participate in public affai rs apart from only being involved in national elections that occurs once after 4 to 5 years. According to the highlights made by the United Nations Millennium Declaration, the most effective way of ensuring that values of freedom, equality, environmental protection and shared responsibility is respected is when the public administration of a country is effective and if there is democracy and good governance. The most critical way of ensuring a country achieves its developmental goals is if they realize the importance of having a democratic country with good governance (Putnam 2000). Objectives, like development and poverty eradication, can only be achieved if there is stable democracy for with a democratic state, there is a chance to achieve greater economic targets and there is enough evidence that proves democracy effectively ensures there is redistribution of resources across the state.Advertising Looking for term paper on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, democracy will not be the only sufficient way of ensuring a state reaches its development goal but also the government institutions that have been put in place should have committed people who will over see the realization of the countries goal. These institutions should have specified, clear and accepted rules that will govern all workers for the benefit of the whole economy. How the public sector performs clearly depends on the people who are associated with them. Public sector will only manage to effectively bring positive changes at both the local and global levels if those working under this sector are skilled people who are dedicated to perform their work and carry out reforms which are effective in the long run. Reforms One other important role of the public administration sector is to guarantee that the social and economic prospects of the society are of date. This can only be achieved if the public sector is committed to constantly change and improve the sector thr ough modernization of the policies for quality public services. The challenging factor is that the government tends to use some concepts that do not help in the improving of the public service sector (Cooper 2004). One way this problem can be dealt with is by having public unions which are active and have the interest to improve the public services to be more relevant and to the needs of the people. There have been a number of reforms that have been incorporated in public administration but only a few of them have positively impacted the sector leading to very little results, too much rhetoric and not enough wise working leaders. The main responsibility of the Public servants is to effectively adopt an effective reform policy. Political leaders should show support to public servants when it comes to passing legislative laws about making changes to marshal reforms affecting the whole government. Most administrative personnel may be faced with some kind of challenge because there are new skills that they are seeking to get from the public, they seek new people who are sufficiently competent to undertake roles especially during the changes in the economic, demographic, and political environment. According to Ciglar (1989), the new shift in paradigm was becoming a challenge to senior administrators because these people needed individuals who portray qualities for strong leadership, imagination and resourcefulness at all levels of government Globalization Globalization has influenced changes in almost every sector of activity of governance undertaken by modern governments. A reorganization and reformation of the basic grounds and practices of public administration have forced governments to re-evaluate their priorities goals and practices. A balance between enhancing the efficiency of public service and controlling the demands and pressure exerted by the forces of globalization has to be reached. Many states have failed to cope with the requirements of globalizatio n in their public sector due to non existence of and in many cases non adherence to ethical code of conduct in public dealings (Denhardt 2007) Globalization describes how a business progresses from the household level to village or town level to the greater regions like the province then national and international organization. The challenge being faced through globalization is that it tends to make a few people benefit from it and at the same time make others loose from it. Many may argue of whether globalizations effects are positive or negative but this judgment may only be passed according to the kind of relationship of those in power positions keeping in mind that there are unequal power relationships between nations, states and groups. Globalization therefore can be termed as either positive or negative to public workers depending on the underlying rules that are present. Professor Farazmand implicitly argues that the challenges of globalization are the major reasons why refor m of the public administration system of a polity must be undertaken (Guy 1995). The impact of globalization is an irreversible and unstoppable process and the dynamics of globalization has led to new studies in the public administration and the only way to solve global problems and challenges is to consider having civil global administration (Kolbert 2006). Decentralization challenge Decentralization can be defined as the transfer of authority or the responsibility for decision making management planning or resource allocation from a central government to the district administrative units in order to be closer to the citizens (Terry 1995). This process allows both the employees and the managers to have freedom to do certain activities, involve themselves in creative works and have some form of authority reducing bureaucracy and provide opportunities for more approvals of actions. Decentralization is a major challenge in public administration especially in the managerial systems whi ch naturally are closely related to the political systems. Often there is a tendency of political systems to use the central authorities to put emphasis on the power and strength of many political players. For this reason they influence the public senior managers as they must work closely with them (those who are publically elected and perform political duties) (Caiden 1991). Many politicians see decentralization as a stumbling block in their ways of governing. Most of them fear that once the public administration is decentralized, then their ability to supervise what is taking place and the management of these activities is somehow reduced together with the powers they have for governing the people. In addition, once public organizations are decentralized, they are left with insufficient budgets that they cannot manage with independently and they also face other economic challenges and insufficient tools to act as independent organizations. Steps that should be taken to strengthen our governmental system and our society Many Americans believe that having a democratic government in place will help the nation rise and face up to the many challenges that may come their way. Even with the national political challenges which mainly concerns with the disagreements of what role government plays the Americans are still committed to uphold the principles and practices of democratic governance with the aim of having a striving nation. The United States of America for almost three decades has continued to enjoy the efforts from the growing network of people and organization working relationship to ensure that the set political systems provide a hope of a democratic nation for all Americans. United States boasts of a very strong constitutional framework together with strong governing institutions especially since the elected present Obama took power and had his agenda to ensure that the kind of governance in his era would be one which would be more participatory, collabo rative and open. The American government has to find ways to continue strengthening their government and their society at large. Involving American people in meaningful reflections about key policy questions The government has to involve the members of the public in regular policy deliberations this will be a way to show the public that they are important when they have the opportunity to come together and share their views about a particular policy which is of national significance. However in most cases, the political officials are the ones who set the policies and just present their desires to the citizens not only through the town meetings which are usually occasion but also through carefully designed and evaluated methods of engaging the public to participate in the deliberations of collaborative processes that will allow them to express their views on difficult policy issues and be ready to address the issues (Pollitt Bouckaert 1999). The government can achieve this if they a lso commit in ensuring public participation by sending relevant executive personnel to help the public in planning and also take serious measures once they get the results from the deliberations after a public policy meeting. Also the civil society organizations that are involved with the public engagement should have comprehensive and rigorous impartial process as they conduct the policy meetings. Projects related to the possible policy contexts can be presented to the Whitehouse so that the personnel concerned with the issues has the opportunity to observe the different approaches of the projects adaptations. Open government dialogue â€Å"My Administration is committed to creating an unprecedented level of openness in government. We will work together to ensure the public trust and establish a system of transparency, public participation, and collaboration. Openness will strengthen our democracy and promote efficiency and effectiveness in government.† —President Bar ack Obama, January 21, 2009. Many governments are faced by the challenge of building an open and transparent government especially in their public administration sector. To enhance intelligibility and responsibility in the public administration sector, there is need to employ efficient public analysis based on concrete formal conditions for admittance to information. With an open government, citizens are sure of transparency and adequate information about the government’s activities. An advantage of having an open government is that it encourages government official’s journalists and the public to scrutinize governments work. Presently the re are records have been made available online being for every individual who visits the Whitehouse in an effort to publicly show the public whose voices are being heard during the policy making process (Silverman 1992). In addition by encouraging an open government practice, the members of the public are entitled to easier access to government data as democratizing data ensures that cost to access information is reduced and actions involving fraud and waste are eliminated besides all the above it provides a platform for new job opportunities to improve the living standards of the people. For example the launching of the Data.gov a website that makes it possible for people to access information about economics, healthcare and other information in multiples because they are created in multiple electronic formats. The website offers other advantages like it provides software tools that can be used to track the performance flights and also agencies can use it to make their information available to the public shows transparency practices (Drucker 2001). Encourage public engagement and building skills Capacity for efficient, sustainable and joint participation is needed at both the federal state level and the local levels. Meaningful governance is one which encourages the participation of the public and the public o fficials in matters concerning governance. Necessary skills are needed to take on responsibilities of decentralized political groups. The advantage is the public will be able to exercise their democratic rights by being partners with the government by controlling the resources found in federal state and the local governments. The government is obligated to embrace and incorporate public engagement in the government entities, non profit organizations and other sectors in the private industries. Presently there is a shortage of young people with comprehensive knowledge of civic processes and other government processes which would be of benefit in carrying out democratic deliberations. These people also lack the arts and skills to organize and advocate democracy and help solve problems which are seen as a full participation of an individual democratic right (Tocqueville 2003). Performance and personnel management The American government can use performance information as a key to impro ving the outcomes of selected strategies. This information can be obtained through carrying out evaluations, offering of training and development to its personnel, using any feed back obtained to improve the government’s performance and the most important of all, rewarding performance. Evaluation: this basically is a means of assessing employees’ measure and aptitude in carrying out their work. This further creates a framework for creating training and development programs. Evaluation is mostly centered on assessment of five basic groups of performance which include: 1) communication, 2) interaction, 3) productivity, 4) quality concerns, and 5) job knowledge and skill. Training and development: for better and enhanced performance from personnel, training and development programs are the best option to be utilized and in most case turn up very positive results. But firstly, employee skills have to be assessed so as to determine the appropriate and most suitable program. The training being conducted has to be in line with the government’s needs and goals. Feedback: information obtained from the assessment of government officials must be communicated back so that proper measure can be taken in cases of exemplary service that needs to be rewarded or where there is slack performance and reprimand is necessary. It is also important to communicate back to the employees of the assessment carried out on them. Rewarding performance: this helps in strengthening and making the employees feel appreciated thus the government will be assured of positive outputs all the time. Throwing money at the most valued employees is not advisable but rather the management should be able to get down to actually what motivates employees. Security and privacy The government should be concerned with the security issues of the country especially when factoring in the use of technology to improve the government systems and the society also has a part to play in helping th e government watch over the welfare of its people. For example, the internet which is today one of the cheapest technology to acquire has helped in the economic growth of many government sectors to increase economic growth but as this happens there are also risk factors included while using this technology. We all can access data and information from the internet, hence the government need to implement policies that would only allow those authorized personnel to access various data that concerns the security and good welfare of the people while keeping away the unauthorized personnel. The government should assess all possible risks and develop working policies to solve these problems. Conclusion In the modern world, the public administration systems are becoming more critical in the running of government affairs. These systems have significantly alleviated poverty together with creation of essential wealth manifestation and broad development objectives. Governments should be ready t o adopt a variety of reforms among them; engaging governance initiatives, adoption of performance management application of information technologies and incorporating of anticorruption programs among other necessary reforms. It is worth noting that public administration practice has advanced rapidly over the years as a result of resolution. Among the problems that institutes of public administration should have helped resolve are the problems that were concerned with insisting for bureaucratic cultural change and the benefits that would be attained from the institutional stability, benefits to be attained from managerial flexibility and the sanctity of the rules, and the benefits to be attained from the domestic mandate of the Government of both regional and international obligations and benefits attained from short-term pursuits and long-term strategic concerns. The government can be in a better position to face up new challenges and opportunities experienced during this era if onl y they focus on accountability and results of the laid goals. But the federal governments and agencies are confronted with long standing and substantial challenges and the only solution to these problems is having a system that is driven by performance which will help in building connections between the different existing agencies, levels of government together with the nonprofit organizations and the private sector. If organizations and federal departments goal is to perform well, then they are obligated to have close relationships with other government sectors, the private sector and the non profitable organizations both at local and international levels. The government should also ensure that it instills working practices and do away with those that are ineffective, since the public expects substantial results from the federal government planning strategies. References Caiden, G. (1991). Administrative Reform Comes of Age. Los Angeles: De Gruyter. Ciglar, B. (1989). Trends Affect ing Local Administrators. 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New York: Oxford University Press. Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York: Fireside Paperbacks. Siedman, H. and Gilmour R. (1986). Politics, Position and Power: From the Positive to the Regulatory State, 4th edition. New York: Oxford University Press. Silverman, J. M. (1992). Public Sector Decentralization: Economic Policy and Terry, L. D. (1995). Leadership of Public Bureaucracies: The Administrator as Conservator. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications. Tocqueville, A. (2003). Democracy in America and Two Essays on America. New York: Penguin Group. This term paper on Public Administration in the United States was written and submitted by user Jazmin Lott to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.